NCLEX Review about Immune System Disorders (26-30)

NCLEX Review about Immune System Disorders

26. The client who is human immunodeficiency virus seropositive has been taking zalcitabine (ddC, Hivid) as a component of treatment. The nurse plans to monitor which of the following most closely while the client is taking this medication?

a) platelet count
b) glucose level
c) red blood cell count
d) liver function studies

27. The nurse is assigned to care for a client with cytomegalovirus retinitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who is receiving foscarnet (Foscavir), an antiviral. The nurse checks the latest results of which of the following laboratory studies while the client is taking this medication?

a) CD4 cell count
b) serum albumin level
c) serum creatinine level
d) lymphocyte count

28. The client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis jiroveci infection has been receiving pentamidine (Pentam 300). The client develops a temperature of 101F. The nurse does further monitoring of the client, knowing that his sign would most likely indicate that the:

a) dose of the medication is too low
b) client is experiencing toxic effects of the medication
c) client has developed inadequacy of thermoregulation
d) result of another infection caused by leukopenic effects of the medication

29. Saquinavir (Invirase) is prescribed for the client who is seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. The nurse reinforces medication instructions and tells the client to:

a) avoid sun exposure
b) eat low-calorie foods
c) eat foods that are low in fat
d) take the medication on an empty stomach

30. The client who is human immunodeficiency virus seropositive has been taking Stavudine (d4t, Zerit). The nurse monitors which of the following most closely while the client is taking this medication?

a) gait
b) appetite
c) level of consciousness
d) gastrointestinal function





NCLEX Review about Immune System Disorders:
ANSWERS AND RATIONALE

26) D

- Zalcitabine (ddC, Hivid) is an antiretroviral (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) used to manage human immunodeficiency virus infection in combination with other antiretrovirals. Zalcitabine also has been used as a single agent in clients who are intolerant of other regimens. Zalcitabine can cause serious liver damage, and liver function studies should be monitored closely. Options A, B, and C are not associated specifically with the use of this medication.

27) C

- Foscarnet (Foscavir) is toxic to the kidneys. The serum creatinine level is monitored before therapy, two or three times per week during induction therapy, and at least weekly during maintenance therapy. Foscarnet also may cause decreased levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium. Thus, these levels also are measured with the same frequency.

28) D

- Frequent side effects of this medication include leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. The client should be monitored routinely for signs and symptoms of infection. Options 1, 2, and 3 are inaccurate interpretations.

29) A

- Saquinavir is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used with other antiretroviral medications to manage human immunodeficiency virus infection. Saquinavir is administered with meals and is best absorbed if the client consumes high-calorie, high-fat meals. Saquinavir can cause photosensitivity, and the nurse should instruct the client to avoid sun exposure.

30) A

- Stavudine (d4t, Zerit) is an antiretroviral used to manage human immunodeficiency virus infection in clients who do not respond to or who cannot tolerate conventional therapy. The medication can cause peripheral neuropathy, and the nurse should monitor the client’s gait closely and ask the client about paresthesia.



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