Showing posts with label Eye Disorders Practice Test. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Eye Disorders Practice Test. Show all posts

Eye Correction (NCLEX 71-75)

Welcome to Eye Correction NCLEX Questions. Before you begin answering the questions, you may first want to take a peek about the material that will surely help you the pass the NCLEX examination :

Complete NCLEX Study Materials


Enjoy answering and I hope that NCLEX Review and Secrets can somehow help you in your future examination. Good Luck


71. A nurse receives a telephone call from a neighbor, who tells the nurse that the spouse accidentally broke a mirror, and a piece of glass flew into the eye. The nurse arrives at the home and finds that a piece of glass is protruding from the victim's eye. The nurse should:

a) remove the piece of glass using a tweezers that was boiled for sterilization purposes
b) apply an eye patch and instruct the victim and spouse to report to the emergency department
c) accompany the victim and spouse to the emergency department
d) flush the eye thoroughly with tap water


72. A client arrives at the emergency department after an eye injury in which an acid used to clean the bricks on a fireplace splashed into his eye. The initial assessment question by the nurse is which of the following?

a) did you bring the container of acid with you?
b) what time did the injury occur?
c) did you flush the eye following the injury?
d) what type of acid caused the injury?

73. A nurse is caring for a client following enucleation. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate the need to notify the physician?

a) bright red drainage on the dressing
b) a respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute
c) complaints of pain in the affected eye
d) a blood pressure of 138/88 mm Hg

74. A client is being discharged from the ambulatory care unit after cataract removal, and the nurse provides instructions regarding home care. Which of the following should the nurse tell the client?

a) take acetaminophen (Tylenol) if any discomfort occurs
b) sleep on the side that was operated on to promote drainage
c) avoid wearing glasses
d) do not lift anything that weighs more than 20 pounds

75. An ambulatory care nurse provides instructions to a client after a cataract extraction. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instructions?

a) I need to avoid bending over to pick up items
b) I will sleep on the unoperative side
c) I need to wear an eye shield all the time
d) There is no reason to stay on a special diet






Eye Correction
Answers and Rationale

71) C
- If an eye injury is the result of a penetrating object, the object may be noted protruding from the eye. This object must never be removed except by the ophthalmologist because it may be holding ocular structures in place. Application of an eye patch or irrigation of the eye may disrupt the foreign body and cause further tearing of the cornea. The most appropriate action by the nurse from the options presented is to accompany the victim to the emergency department.

72) C
- Emergency care following a chemical burn of the eye includes irrigating the eye immediately with tap water or sterile normal saline or ocular irrigating solution if available. The irrigation should be maintained for at least 10 minutes. Following this emergency treatment, visual acuity is assessed. The initial assessment in this situation should focus on the type of treatment that took place immediately following the injury.

73) A
- If the nurse notes the presence of bright red drainage on the dressing, it must be reported to the physician because this can indicate hemorrhage. Complaints of pain are expected in the postoperative period. A blood pressure of 138/88 mm Hg is within normal range. A respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute, although slightly elevated from the normal range, does not warrant physician notification.

74) A
- The client is instructed to wear a metal or plastic shield to protect the eye from accidental injury and is instructed not to rub the eye. Glasses may be worn during the day, and an eye shield is worn at night. Aspirin or medications containing aspirin are not to be administered or taken by the client; the client is instructed to take acetaminophen (Tylenol) as needed for pain. The client is instructed not to sleep on the side of the body that was operated on because this action will cause edema and increased intraocular pressure. The client is not to lift more than 5 pounds.

75) C
- Postoperatively, cataract extraction clients should be positioned on their backs in semi-Fowler position or on the unoperative side to prevent edema in the surgical site. They need to avoid bending at the waist and other activities that will increase intraocular pressure. A special diet is not necessary following this procedure. The client needs to wear an eye shield at night to prevent injury to the eye during sleep. Eyeglasses or an eye patch may be worn during the day.


After you reviewed your answers through its rationale, you can also go back to the first page to start from the beginning:

Eye Correction NCLEX Questions (1-6)

Eye Correction (NCLEX 66-70)

Welcome to Eye Correction NCLEX Questions. Before you begin answering the questions, you may first want to take a peek about the material that will surely help you the pass the NCLEX examination :

Complete NCLEX Study Materials


Enjoy answering and I hope that NCLEX Review and Secrets can somehow help you in your future examination. Good Luck


66. A nursing student is caring for a client in the health care clinic who has been diagnosed with glaucoma. The nursing instructor asks the student to describe the type of medication that will likely be prescribed for the client to treat the eye disorder. Which statement by the student indicates an accurate understanding of the treatment for glaucoma?

a) a miotic agent will lower the pressure in the eye and increase the blood flow to the retina
b) a dilating agent will help dilate the eye to prevent pressure from occurring
c) a cycloplegic will relax the muscles of the eyes and prevent blurred vision
d) a mydriatic agent will help block the responses that are sent to muscles in the eye

67. A clinic nurse has provided instructions to a client with a diagnosis of glaucoma. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the treatment plan for glaucoma?

a) I need to restrict my fluid intake to four glasses daily
b) I need to take my eye drops for the rest of my life
c) I can uses salt only for cooking
d) I need to limit my amount of reading to 2 hours a day

68. A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of retinal detachment. The client suddenly complains of a burst of black spots or floaters. The nurse interpret this symptom as:

a) hemorrhage as a result of the detachment
b) an expected finding
c) the need to restrict fluids
d) the need to patch the affected eye

69. A nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client being admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of retinal detachment. Which of the following will the nurse include in the plan of care?

a) out of bed to ambulate with assistance
b) place an eye patch over the affected eye
c) maintain high-fowler's position
d) restrict visitors

70. A client arrives at the emergency department after a blow to the eye from a softball. The initial nursing action would be to:

a) call a physician to perform a thorough eye examination
b) irrigate the eye with sterile cool water
c) place the client in a supine position on a stretcher
d) apply ice to the affected eye







Eye Correction:
Answers and Rationale

66) A
- Miotics are used to lower the intraocular pressure, thereby increasing blood flow to the retina and decreasing retinal damage and loss of vision. Miotics cause a contraction of the ciliary muscle and a widening of trabecular meshwork. Options B, C, and D all describe actions related to mydriatic medications, which primarily dilate the pupils and relax the ciliary muscles. These options are incorrect and would not be used for the client with glaucoma.

67) B
- The administration of eye drops is a critical component of the treatment plan for the client with glaucoma. The client needs to be instructed that medications will need to be taken for the rest of his life. Limiting fluids or reducing salt intake will not decrease intraocular pressure. Restricting the amount of time reading is not a component of the plan.

68) A
- Complaint of a sudden burst of black spots or floaters indicates that bleeding has occurred as a result of the detachment. This is not a normal, expected finding and if it occurs, it indicates hemorrhage. There is no need to restrict fluids. The nurse places an eye patch over the client's affected eye to reduce eye movement, but the patch should have already been in place.

69) B
- The nurse places an eye patch over the client's affected eye to reduce eye movement. Some clients may need bilateral patching. Depending on the location and size of the retinal break, activity restrictions may be needed immediately. These restrictions are necessary to prevent further tearing or detachment and to promote drainage of any subretinal fluid. The nurse positions the client as prescribed by the physician. Visitors do not need to be restricted.

70) D
- A traumatic injury with a blunt object is treated immediately with the application of ice. The client should receive a thorough eye examination to rule out the presence of other eye injuries, but this is not the initial action. Eye irrigation is not necessarily required for a blunt injury. The supine position would increase the amount of swelling in the eye.


After you reviewed your answers through its rationale, you can also go back to the first page to start from the beginning:

Eye Correction NCLEX Questions (1-6)

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Eye Correction NCLEX Questions (71-75)

Eye Health Questions (NCLEX 61-65)

Welcome to NCLEX Eye Health Questions. Before you begin answering the questions, you may first want to take a peek about the material that will surely help you the pass the NCLEX examination :

Complete NCLEX Study Materials


Enjoy answering and I hope that NCLEX Review and Secrets can somehow help you in your future examination. Good Luck


61. A client has undergone surgery to treat glaucoma. The nurse reinforces which home care instruction with the client?

a) wound healing usually takes 16 weeks
b) expect that vision will be permanently impaired to a small degree
c) a shield or eye patch should be worn to protect the eye
d) the sutures are removed after 1 week

62. A client has undergone surgery for cataracts. The nurse instructs the client to call the physician if which of the following occurs?

a) a sudden decrease in vision
b) eye pain relieved by acetaminophen (Tylenol)
c) small amounts of dried matter on the lashes after sleep
d) gradual resolution of eye redness

63. A nurse is caring for a client with arthritis. The client complains of difficulty instilling glaucoma eye drops because of shaking hands caused by the arthritis. Which instruction would the nurse provide to the client to alleviate this problem?

a) keep the drops in the refrigerator so they will thicken and be easier to instill
b) lie down on a bed to instill the eye drops
c) tilt the head straight back to instill the eye drops
d) talk to the physician about the need for eye drops

64. Corrective glasses are prescribed for the client with bilateral aphakia, and the nurse provides instructions to the client regarding the use of the glasses. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further instructions?

a) the glasses will correct my peripheral visual field of sight
b) the glasses will magnify my central vision by 30%
c) objects that I look at may be distorted
d) it may be difficult to judge distances when I drive a car

65. A client is brought to the ambulatory care department by her spouse one day following a cataract extraction procedure and is diagnosed with hyphema that occurred as a result of the surgical procedure. The nurse provides which instruction to the client and spouse regarding treatment for the hyphema?

a) resume normal activities because the hyphema will resolve on its own
b) obtain assistance when ambulating
c) return to the ambulatory care department for removal of the intraocular lens implant
d) maintain bedrest and place an eye shield or patch over both eyes







Eye Health Questions
Answers and Rationale

61) C
- After ocular surgery, the client should wear an eye patch or eyeglasses for protection of the eye. Healing takes place in about 6 weeks. Once the postoperative inflammation subsides, the client's vision should return to the preoperative level of acuity. Sutures are usually absorbable.

62) A
- The client should report a noticeable or sudden decrease in vision to the physician. The client is taught to take acetaminophen, which is usually effective in relieving discomfort. The eye may be slightly reddened postoperatively, but this should gradually resolve. Small amounts of dried material may be present on the lashes after sleep. This is expected and should be removed with a warm facecloth.

63) B
- Eye drop regimen is a critical component of treatment for a client with glaucoma to prevent blindness. Clients with arthritis or shaking hands have difficulty instilling their own eye drops. The client is instructed to lie down on a bed or sofa. Tilting the head back can lead to loss of balance. Placing eye drops in a refrigerator should not be done unless specifically prescribed.

64) A
- Corrective glasses, contact lenses, or intraocular lenses correct aphakia (absence of the lens of the eye). Only central vision is corrected with corrective glasses, and peripheral vision is distorted. There is approximately 30% magnification of central vision with corrective glasses. This requires adjustment of daily activities and use of safety precautions. Because of the magnification, objects viewed centrally appear distorted, and it is difficult to judge distances such as when driving a car or sitting in a chair.

65) D
- Hyphema is bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye that occurs postoperatively as a complication of cataract surgery. Treatment includes bedrest and bilateral eye patching or shielding for 2 to 5 days, during which absorption occurs. The client should be instructed to monitor for signs of increased intraocular pressure, which commonly causes sudden ocular pain. Miotics and cycloplegics may be prescribed. Occasionally, irrigation of the anterior chamber may be done to remove the blood.



After you reviewed your answers through its rationale, you can also go back to the first page to start from the beginning:

Eye Health Questions (1-6)

Or proceed to the next set of questions:

Eye Health Questions (66-70)

Eye Health Questions (NCLEX 56-60)

Welcome to NCLEX Eye Health Questions. Before you begin answering the questions, you may first want to take a peek about the material that will surely help you the pass the NCLEX examination :

Complete NCLEX Study Materials


Enjoy answering and I hope that NCLEX Review and Secrets can somehow help you in your future examination. Good Luck


56. A scleral buckling procedure is performed on a client with retinal detachment, and the nurse provides home-care instructions to the client. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instructions?

a) I need to avoid heavy lifting
b) I need to avoid vigorous activity
c) I need to wear an eye shield during naps and at night
d) I need to clean the eye daily with sterile water ad a clean washcloth

57. The nurse is providing instructions to a client and family regarding home care after left-eye cataract removal. The nurse tells the client and family which of the following about positioning during the postoperative period?

a) sleep only on the left side
b) sleep on the right side or the back
c) bend below the waist as often as you are able
d) lower the head between the knees three times a day


58. A client has undergone surgery for glaucoma. The nurse provides which discharge instructions to the client?

a) the sutures are removed after 1 week
b) wound healing usually takes 12 weeks
c) expect that vision will be permanently impaired
d) a shield or eye patch should be worn to protect the eye


59. A client has undergone surgery for cataracts. The nurse instructs the client to call the physician for which of the following complaints?

a) a sudden decrease in vision
b) a gradual resolution of eye redness
c) eye pain relieved by acetaminophen (Tylenol)
d) small amounts of dried matter on the eyelashes after sleep

60. A client is seen in the health care clinic, and a diagnosis of conjunctivitis is made. The nurse provides instructions to the client regarding the care of the disorder while at home. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further instruction?

a) I can use an ophthalmic analgesic ointment at night if I have eye discomfort
b) I do not need to be concerned about spreading this infection to others in my family
c) I should apply warm compresses before instilling antibiotic drops if purulent discharge is present in my eye
d) I should perform a saline eye irrigation before instilling the antibiotic drops into my eye if purulent discharge is present






Eye Health Questions
Answers and Rationale

56) D
- In a scleral buckling procedure, the sclera is compressed from the outside by Silastic sponges or silicone bands that are sutured in place permanently. In addition, an intraocular injection of air, a gas bubble, or both may be used to apply pressure on the retina from the inside of the eye to hold the retina in place. If an air or gas bubble has been injected, it may take several weeks to be absorbed. Vigorous activities and heavy lifting are avoided. An eye shield or glasses should be worn during the day, and a shield should be worn during naps and at night. The client is instructed to clean the eye with warm tap water using a clean washcloth.

57) B
- After cataract surgery, the client should not sleep on the operative side. The client should also avoid bending below the level of the waist or lowering the head, because these actions will increase intraocular pressure.

58) D
- After ocular surgery, the client should wear an eye patch or eyeglasses for the protection of the eye. Healing takes place in about 6 weeks. When the postoperative inflammation subsides, the client's vision should return to the preoperative level of acuity. Sutures are usually absorbable.

59) A
- The client should report a noticeable or sudden decrease in vision to the physician. The eye may be slightly reddened postoperatively, but this should gradually resolve. The client is taught to take acetaminophen, which is usually effective for relieving discomfort. Small amounts of dried material may be present on the lashes after sleep; this is expected and should be removed with a warm facecloth.

60) B
- Conjunctivitis is highly contagious. Antibiotic drops are usually administered four times a day. Ophthalmic analgesic ointment or drops may be instilled, especially at bedtime, because discomfort becomes more noticeable when the eyelids are closed. When purulent discharge is present, saline eye irrigations or applications of warm compresses to the eye may be necessary before instilling the medication.


After you reviewed your answers through its rationale, you can also go back to the first page to start from the beginning:

Eye Health Questions (1-6)

Or proceed to the next set of questions:

Eye Health Questions (61-65)

Eye Health Questions (NCLEX 51-55)

Welcome to NCLEX Eye Health Questions. Before you begin answering the questions, you may first want to take a peek about the material that will surely help you the pass the NCLEX examination :

Complete NCLEX Study Materials


Enjoy answering and I hope that NCLEX Review and Secrets can somehow help you in your future examination. Good Luck


51. The nurse has an order to administer two opthalmic medications to the client who has undergone eye surgery. The nurse waits how many minutes after administering the first medication before giving the second?

a) 1 to 2
b) 3 to 5
c) 8 to 10
d) it is not necessary to wait; the second medication can be administered immediately

52. The nurse is assigned to care for a client who has just undergone cataract surgery. The nurse plans to instruct the client that which of the following activities is permitted in the postoperative period?

a) bending over
b) lifting objects
c) coughing exercises
d) watching television

53. During a routine visit to the physician's office for monitoring of diabetic control, an older client with diabetes mellitus complains to the nurse of vision changes. The client describes blurring of vision with difficulty in reading and with driving at night. Given the history, the nurse interprets that the client is probably developing:

a) cataracts
b) glaucoma
c) papilledema
d) detached retina

54. A client arrives at the emergency room with a chemical burn of the left eye. The nurse immediately:

a) applies a light bandage to the eye
b) performs an assessment on the client
c) applies a cold compress to the injured eye
d) flushes the eye continuously with a sterile solution

55. The home care nurse visits an older client with arthritis. The client complains of difficulty instilling glaucoma eye drops because of shaking hands caused by the arthritis. Which instruction should the nurse plans to provide to the client to alleviate this problem?

a) tilt the head back to instill the eye drops
b) lie down on a bed or sofa to instill the eye drops
c) a family member will have to instill the eye drops
d) keep the eye drops in the refrigerator so that they will thicken and be easier to instill







Eye Health Questions
Answers and Rationale

51) B
- The nurse waits 3 to 5 minutes between administration of the two separate ophthalmic medications. This allows for adequate ocular absorption of the medication and prevents the second medication from flushing out the first.

52) D
- The client is taught to avoid activities that raise intraocular pressure and could cause complications in the postoperative period. The client is also taught to avoid activities that cause rapid eye movements that are irritating in the presence of postoperative inflammation. For these reasons, the client is taught to avoid bending over, lifting heavy objects, straining, sneezing, coughing, making sudden movements, or reading. Watching television is permissible because the eye does not need to move rapidly with this activity, and it does not increase the intraocular pressure.

53) A
- Although the incidence of cataracts increases with age, the older client with diabetes mellitus is at greater risk for developing cataracts. The most frequent complaint is blurred vision that is not accompanied by pain. The client may also experience difficulty with reading, night driving, and glare. Options B, C, and D are not directly associated with this client's history or complaints.

54) D
- When the client has suffered a chemical burn of the eye, the nurse immediately flushes the site with a sterile solution continuously for 15 minutes. If a sterile eye irrigation solution is not available, running water may be used. Performing an assessment may be helpful but is not the priority action. Applying compresses or bandages is incorrect, because they do not rid the eye of the damaging chemical. Cold compresses are used for blows to the eye, whereas light bandages may be placed over cuts of the eye or eyelid.

55) B
- Older clients with arthritis or shaking hands have difficulty instilling their own eye drops. The older client is instructed to lie down on a bed or sofa to instill the eye drops. Tilting the head back can lead to a loss of balance. Eye drop regimens for glaucoma require accurate timing, and it is unreasonable to expect a family member to instill the eye drops. Additionally, this discourages client independence. Placing the eye drops in the refrigerator should not be done unless specifically prescribed.


After you reviewed your answers through its rationale, you can also go back to the first page to start from the beginning:

Eye Health Questions (1-6)

Or proceed to the next set of questions:

Eye Health Questions (56-60)

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye 46-50

Welcome to NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye. Before you begin answering the questions, you may first want to take a peek about the material that will surely help you the pass the NCLEX examination :

Complete NCLEX Study Materials


Enjoy answering and I hope that NCLEX Review and Secrets can somehow help you in your future examination. Good Luck


46. Pilocarpine hydrochloride (Isopto Carpine) is prescribed for the client with glaucoma. Which of the following medications does the nurse plan to have available in case of systemic toxicity?

a) atropine sulfate
b) pindolol (Visken)
c) protamine sulfate
d) naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan)

47. Betaxolol hydrochloride (Betoptic) eye drops have been prescribed for the client with glaucoma. Which of the following nursing actions is most appropriate related to monitoring for the side effects of this medication?

a) monitoring temperature
b) monitoring blood pressure
c) assessing peripheral pulses
d) assessing blood glucose level

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye 41-45

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye

41. Tonometry is performed on the client with a suspected diagnosis of glaucoma. The nurse analyzes the test results as documented in the client's chart and understands that the normal intraocular pressure is:

a) 2 to 7 mm Hg
b) 10 to 21 mm Hg
c) 22 to 30 mm Hg
d) 31 to 35 mm Hg

42. The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is undergoing cataract extraction with intraocular implantation. Which home care measures will the nurse include in the plan? Select all that apply

a) avoid activities that require bending over
b) contact the surgeon if eye scratchiness occurs
c) place an eye shield on the surgical eye at bedtime
d) episodes of sudden severe pain in the eye are expected
e) contact the surgeon if a decrease in visual acuity occurs
f) take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for minor eye discomfort

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye (36-40)

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye

36. The nurse is caring for a client following enucleation. The nurse notes the presence of bright red drainage on the dressing. Which nursing action is appropriate?

a) notify the physician
b) document the finding
c) continue to monitor the drainage
d) mark the drainage on the dressing and monitor for any increase in bleeding

37. A 55-year old woman was working in her garden. She accidentally sprayed insecticide into her right eye. She calls the emergency room frantic and screaming for help. The nurse should instruct the woman to take which immediate action?

a)  call the physician
b) irrigate the eyes with water
c) come to the emergency room
d) irrigate the eyes with diluted hydrogen peroxide

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye (31-35)

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye

31. The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of detached retina. Which assessment sign would indicate that bleeding has occurred as a result of the retinal detachment?

a) total loss of vision
b) a reddened conjunctiva
c) a sudden sharp pain in the eye
d) complaints of a burst of black spots or floaters

32. The client arrives in the emergency room following an automobile accident. The client's forehead hit the steering wheel and a hyphema is diagnosed. The nurse places the client in which position?

a) flat on bed rest
b) semi-fowler's on bed rest
c) lateral on the affected side
d) lateral on the unaffected side

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye (26-30)

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye

26. During the early postoperative period, the client who has had a cataract extraction complains of nausea and severe eye pain over the operative site. The initial nursing action is to:

a) call the physician
b) reassure the client that this is normal
c) turn the client on his or her operative side
d) administer the ordered pain medication and anti-emetic

27. The client is being discharged from the ambulatory care unit following cataract removal. The nurse provides instructions regarding home care. Which of the following, if stated by the client, indicates an understanding of the instructions?

a) I will take aspirin if I have any discomfort
b) I will sleep on the side that I was operated on
c) I will not lift anything if weighs more than 10 pounds
d) I will wear my eye shield at night and my glasses during the day

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye (21-25)

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye

21. Shortly after a neonate is delivered, erythromycin is instilled into the neonate’s eyes. This drug is given to prevent:

a. Ophthalmia neonatorum
b. Retrolental fibroplasias
c. Corneal keratitis
d. Acute uveitis


22. An older female client confides to the visiting nurse that she is afraid she will fall while going to the bathroom at night. Which  suggestion, if made by the nurse, indicates that the nurse understands the visual changes affecting the older client?

a) limit your fluid intake during the day
b) use a commode in your bedroom at night
c) keep a red light on the bathroom at night
d) us ea bell to call your daughter if you need to get up

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye (16-20)

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye

16. A nurse is providing instructions to a client and the family regarding home care after right eye cataract removal. Which statement by the client would indicate an understanding of the instructions?

a) I will not sleep on my left side
b) I will not sleep on my right side
c) I will not sleep with my head elevated
d) I will not wear my glasses until my physician says it is okay

17. A day care nurse is observing a 2-year old child and suspects that the child may have strabismus. Which observation made by the nurse might indicate this condition?

a) the child has difficulty
b) the child consistently tills the head to see
c) the child consistently turns the head to see
d) the child does not respond when spoken to

18. The mother of a 6-year old child arrives at a clinic because the child has been experiencing scratchy, red, and swollen eyes. The nurse notes a discharge from the eyes and sends a culture to the laboratory for analysis. Chlamydial conjunctivitis is diagnosed. Based on this diagnosis, the nurse determines that which of the following requires further investigation?

a) possible trauma
b) possible sexual abuse
c) presence of an allergy
d) presence of a respiratory infection

19. A nurse prepares a teaching plan for a mother of a child diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis. Which of the following, if stated by the mother, indicates a need for further teaching?

a) I need to wash my hands frequently
b) I need to clean the eye as prescribed
c) it is okay to share towels and washcloths
d) I need to give the eye drops as prescribed

20. A nurse provides discharge instructions to the mother of a child after myringotomy with insertion of tympanostomy tubes. The nurse determines that the mother needs additional instructions if the mother states that:

a) swimming in deep water is prohibited
b) swimming in lake water needs to be avoided
c) she will place earplugs in the child's ears during baths and showers
d) she will be sure to give her child soft tissues to blow his nose




NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye:
ANSWERS AND RATIONALE

16) B
- after cataract surgery, the client should not sleep on the side of the body that was operated on. The client also should be placed in a semi-fowler's position to assist in minimizing edema and intraocular pressure. During the day, the client may wear glasses or a protective shield; at night, the protective shield alone is sufficient.

17) B
- Strabismus is a condition in which the eyes are not aligned because of lack of coordination of the extraocular muscles. The nurse may suspect strabismus in a child when the child complains of frequent headaches, squints, or tilts the head to see. Options A, C, and D are not indicative of this condition.

18) B
- Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. A diagnosis of chlamydial conjunctivitis in a child who is not sexually active should signal the health care provider to assess the child for possible sexual abuse. Allergy, infection, and trauma can cause conjunctivitis, but the causative organism is not likely to be chlamydia.

19) C
- Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. Bacterial conjunctivitis is highly contagious, and the nurse should teach infection control measures. These include good hand washing and not sharing towels and washcloths. Options A, B, and D are correct treatment measures.

20) D
- A myringotomy is the insertion of tympanoplasty tubes into the middle ear to equalize pressure and keep the ear aerated. Parents need to be instructed that the child should not blow his or her nose for 7 to 10 days. Bath and lake water are potential sources of bacterial contamination. Diving and swimming in deep water are prohibited. The child’s ears need to be kept dry. Options A, B, and C are appropriate instructions.



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NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye (11-15)

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye

11. Which of the following is an effective technique of communicating with a hearing impaired client?

a) speak slowly in a low tone of voice
b) speak slowly in a loud voice
c) speak slowly and try to overemphasize words
d) speak slowly and directly in front of the client

12. Which of the following client statements indicates the need to postpone cataract surgery in the morning?

a) this seasonal allergy should no be a problem
b) the medications instilled into my eyes make my vision blurred
c) I feel nervous with my operation tomorrow
d) I have allergy to certain medications

13. Which of the following is done when performing Weber test?

a) place vibrating tuning fork in front of the opening of the ear
b) place the vibrating tuning fork in the middle of the head
c) place the vibrating tuning fork behind the ear
d) irrigate the ear with cold water and observe movement of the eyes

14. The client has been diagnosed to have Meniere's disease. Which of the following should be included when giving health teachings?

a) limit carbohydrates and proteins in the diet
b) limit salt intake
c) limit fats in the diet
d) drink a lot of fluids

15. The nurse plans care for a client with acute glaucoma who reports severe pain in the eyes and rainbow colors (halos) around lights. Which action should the nurse take first?

a) administer pain medication
b) explain to the client that with reduction in intraocular pressure, pain and other symptoms will subside
c) provide preoperative teachings to the client
d) assess the client's visual status




NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye:
ANSWERS AND RATIONALE

11) D
- speaking slowly allows the client to understand the message. And speaking in fron of the client allows him to read the lip movement of the speaker. Avoid using loud voice pitch. High-pitched voice is more difficult to be understood by hearing-impaired client.

12) A
- seasonal allergy is characterized by sneezing and coughing. These may cause increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and bleeding after eye surgery.

13) B
- describes weber test, which confirms presence of sensorineural hearing loss like Meniere's disease.

14) B
- meniere's disease is a disorder caused by increased endolymphatic pressure in the inner ear; characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, gradual hearing loss. Low sodium diet is indicated to prevent further accumulation of endolymphatic fluids.

15) A
- pain is the priority problem in a client with glaucoma. Loss of vision in glaucoma is irreversible.


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NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye (7-10)

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye

7. A physician prescribes "patching" for a child with strabismus of the right eye. A nurse instructs the mother regarding this procedure. Which of the following statements when made by the mother indicates that she understands the instruction?

a) I will place the patch on the right eye
b) I will place the patch on both eyes
c) I will place the patch on the left eye
d) I will alternate the patch from right to left eye hourly

8. The client comments, "I frequently change my eye glasses, none of which is satisfactory and I have difficulty focusing on my work." Which of the following disorders may the client be experiencing?

a) cataract
b) glaucoma
c) detached retina
d) myopia

9. An 85-year old woman complains of pain in her operated eye after cataract removal surgery. The nurse knows that this symptoms is

a) expected, and she should offer analgesic
b) unexpected and may signify a detached retina
c) unexpected and may indicate hemorrhage
d) expected and she should advise the client to be on bed rest

10. The client had just undergone repair of detached retina. Which of the following should be included in the nursing care plan of the client?

a) encourage self-care activities
b) limit movement of his eyes
c) restrict excessive talking
d) limit fluid intake







NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye:
ANSWERS AND RATIONALE

7) C
- In strabismus, patch the good eye. This will train the affected eye.

8) B
- glaucoma is an eye disorder that causes damage to the retina and optic nerve that may lead to blindness. Eye glasses does not improve the vision, so the client frequently changes them.

9) C
- pressure or pain in the eye postop indicates hemorrhage. This should be reported to the physician.

10) B
- limiting eye movement after retinal surgery is done by application of pressure dressing. This is to prevent increase in intraocular pressure.


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NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye (1-6)

NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye

Situation: Mang Tomas is a 60 year old man who has just had cataract surgery performed on his right eye.

1. The physician has prescribed Cyclogel preoperatively to:

a) prevent dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva
b) reduce the inflammation of the iris and choroids
c) paralyze the ciliary muscle
d) promote drainage of aqueous humor from the chamber of the eye

2. After discharge, Mang Tomas attends the eye clinic for follow-up visits. When he receives his cataract glasses, it is important that the nurse advise him that:

a) his peripheral vision will be increased
b) objects will appear closer than they really are
c) magnification by the lens is only about 10%
d) daily eye drops are required with these lenses

3. The nurse should instruct a client preparing for eye surgery that which of these activities will be restricted post-operatively?

a) bending with the knees flexed
b) bending from the waist
c) keeping the head in a neutral position
d) lying flat

4. Nursing care for Mang Tomas during the first 48 hours after surgery will include:

a) maintain bed rest
b) changing the dressing daily
c) encouraging coughing and deep breathing
d) lie on the unoperated side


Situation: Mang Ben is diagnosed with glaucoma and is scheduled for surgery.

5. Which symptoms are associated with acute closed-angle glaucoma?

a) diplopia and photophobia
b) episodic blindness and no pain
c) blurred vision and colored rings around lights
d) sensation of curtain drawn across the visual field

6. Which order for Mang Ben before surgery will the nurse question:

a) demerol (meperidine) 50 mg IM
b) atropine sulfate 0.4 mg IM
c) valium (diazepam) 2 mg IM
d) phenergan (promethazine) 25 mg IM




NCLEX Review About The Aging Eye:
ANSWERS AND RATIONALE

1) C
- another preoperative eye drop that is usually prescribed to patient awaiting cataract surgery is tropicamide (mydriacyl) which is a dilating agent.

2) B
- cataract surgery is performed to remove the opacified lens. After surgery, a new artificial lens will be inserted at the posterior chamber or the client will be left without a lens. Aphakia or the absence of lens can be corrected to restore normal vision by eye glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lenses.
Eye glasses are the safest and least expensive alternative. The nurse should inform the patient that the eyeglasses will be thick and will cause objects to appear closer than they really are and vertical lines will also appear curved.
Contact lenses provide better visual correction than eye glasses but the patient must learn how to insert, clean and replace the lenses correctly. This can be difficult for elderly clients afflicted with arthritis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's.
Intraocular lenses are implants that provide the best visual correction. However, it is associated with more postoperative complications.

3) B
- during the postoperative period of eye surgery, activities that increase intraocular pressure should be avoided:
  • instruct patient to avoid bending over
  • avoid vomiting - give antiemetics
  • avoid coughing - give antitussives, avoid conditions that stimulate coughing
  • avoid sneezing - avoid allergens that stimulate sneezing such as powders, dusts etc.
  • avoid straining - use stool softener
  • avoid lifting heavy objects
4) D
- Cataract is clouding or opacity of the lens which prevents light rays from reaching the retina. Cataract is not due to trauma tends to occur bilaterally but they do not mature at the same time.

Immature cataracts are not completely opaque and thus allow some light to pass providing the patient with some useful vision.

Mature cataract occurs when the lenses are completely opaque and vision is greatly reduced or absent.

Intumescent cataract occurs when the lens absorbs water and increases in size resulting in glaucoma.

Hypermature cataract occurs when the lens protein breaks down into short chain polypeptides and leak through the lens capsules. The proteins are engulfed by macrophages and may lead to phacolytic glaucoma.

The cause are:
  • congenital cataract - heredity
  • traumatic cataract - exposure heat
  • senile cataract - aging, most common cause
  • secondary cataract - caused by another disease

It is manifested by:
  • blurred vision
  • photophobia - client complains to glare
  • progressive loss of vision
  • opaque or cloudy white pupil
  • difficulty to identify colors
  • indirect opthalmoscpe - red reflex is distorted or absent
  • patient does not experience pain

Instructions after Cataract Surgery include:
  • leave ocular dressing/eye patch in place, it is usually removed after 24 hours
  • limit activity for 24 hours
  • avoid reading
  • avoid rubbing eyes
  • wear eye glasses for protection during the day
  • avoid lifting more than five pounds
  • avoid straining and any activity that increase IOP
  • lie on unoperated side
  • avoid aspirin or any drug containing aspirin
  • use eye shield to protect eyes
  • pain and itching after surgery is normal and can be relieved with acetaminophen. Report persistent and unrelieved pain.
  • report redness around the eye, nausea and vomiting
  • avoid touching and rubbing of eyes
  • avoid closing of eyes tightly
After surgery, instruct client to return for follow-up care. If the surgery is out-patient, first clinic visit is after 24 hours, then after one week and then after one month.

5) C
- Glaucoma is due to increased ocular pressure (normal is 10-20 mm/Hg) from accumulation of aqueous humor in the eye that damages the optic nerve resulting in irreversible blindness. Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body, nourishes the cornea and lens and flows out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork via the canal of Schlemm.

Two kinds of Glaucoma:

1. Close Angle/Narrow/Acute - caused by narrowing of the anterior chamber or blockage that occurs between cornea and iris. This type of glaucoma can develop only in one eye and occurs suddenly. It is common in people of Asian ancestry and associated with aging.
Symptoms include:
  • intermittent episodic attacks characterized by severe eye pain, headache, face pain and abrupt decrease of visual acuity that occur when pupils dilate such as during emotional upset and when patient is adjusting vision in darkness
  • blurred vision to loss of vision
  • rainbow halos around lights
  • nausea and vomiting
  • rapid rise of intraocular pressure
  • cloudy cornea
  • reddened conjunctiva
2. Open angle/chronic/simple - caused by blockage in the trabecular meshwork and the canal of Schlemm. this type of glaucoma is usually bilateral, with insidious onset, and often hereditary. it is the most common type of glaucoma in adults.
Symptoms include:
  • appearance early in the disease of scotoma or blind spots
  • gradual loss of peripheral vision
  • gradual increase of intraocular pressure especially upon awakening and when lying flat
  • halos around lights
  • mild headaches
  • difficulty focusing on near objects and adapting in the dark
  • affects both eyes but progression of the disease is not the same
  • vague symptoms so that it is often called "thief of the night" glaucoma because patient is unaware until visual acuity is greatly reduced.
6) B
- drugs which cause pupils to dilate should be avoided by persons having angle closure glaucoma as they increase flow of fluid, and thus, the intraocular pressure.
This includes:
  • atropine
  • anticholinergics
  • patient should also avoid caffeine
Drugs used in Glaucoma are:

1. Betablockers: Timolol/Betaxolol
  • action: decreases production of aqueous humor
  • side effects: bradycardia, hypotension
  • contraindication: asthma, heart block, COPD
2. Carbonic Anhydrase: Acetazolamide/Mannitol
  • action: decreases production of aqueous humor
  • side effects: allergy (do not give if with sulfa allergy), weight loss, electrolyte imbalance, depression, impotence
3. Cholinergics: Pilocarpine/Carbachol
  • action: increases outflow of aqueous humor
  • side effects: pain, blurry vision, diminished vision at dark
4. Adrenergics: Epinephrine/Dipivefrin
  • action: decreases production of aqueous humor
  • side effects: tremors, headache, redness and itching


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