NCLEX Review Questions on Cancer (41-45)

NCLEX Review Questions on Cancer

41. The health education nurse provides instructions to a group of clients regarding measures that will assist in preventing skin cancer. Which statement by a client indicates a need for further instructions?

a) I will avoid sun exposure after 3 pm
b) I will use sunscreen when participating in outdoor activities
c) I will wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when in the sun
d) I will examine my body monthly for any lesions that may be suspicious

42. The client is undergoing radiation therapy to treat lung cancer. Following treatment, the nurse notes erythema on the client's chest and neck, and the client is complaining of pain at the radiation site. The nurse interprets this assessment data a(n):

a) allergic reaction to the radiation
b) superficial injury to tissue from the radiation
c) cutaneous reaction to products formed by the lysis of the neoplastic cells
d) ischemic injury, much like pressure ulcer formation. caused by pressure from the linear accelerator



43. The community nurse is conducting a health promotion program at a local school and is discussing the risk factors associated with cervical cancer. Which of the following, if identified by the client as a risk factor to cervical cancer, indicates a need for further teaching?

a) smoking
b) multiple sex partners
c) first intercourse after age 20
d) annual gynecological examinations

44. The client is diagnosed as having a bowel tumor and several diagnostic tests are prescribed. The nurse understands that which test will confirm the diagnosis of malignancy?

a) biopsy of tumor
b) abdominal ultrasound
c) magnetic resonance imaging
d) computed tomography scan

45. The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note specifically in this disorder?

a) increased calcium level
b) increased white blood cells
c) decreased blood urea nitrogen level
d) decreased number of plasma cells in the bone marrow




NCLEX Review Questions on Cancer:
ANSWERS AND RATIONALE

41) A

- The client should be instructed to avoid sun exposure between the hours of 11 AM and 3 PM. Sunscreen, a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses should be worn for outdoor activities. The client should be instructed to examine the body monthly for the appearance of any possible cancerous or any precancerous lesions.

42) B

- Superficial injury from radiation can manifest with erythema (probably caused by capillary damage), hyperpigmentation (from stimulation of melanocytes), dry desquamation (caused by basal cell destruction), or moist desquamation (also caused by basal cell destruction). Moist desquamation is comparable to a second-degree burn in histology, appearance, and sensation.

43) C

- Risk factors for cervical cancer include human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, active and passive cigarette smoking, certain high-risk sexual activities (first intercourse before 17 years of age, multiple sex partners, or male partners with multiple sex partners). Screening via regular gynecological exams and Papanicolaou smear (Pap test) with treatment of precancerous abnormalities decrease the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer.

44) A

-A biopsy is done to determine whether a tumor is malignant or benign. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan, and ultrasound will visualize the presence of a mass but will not confirm a diagnosis of malignancy.

45) A

- Findings indicative of multiple myeloma are an increased number of plasma cells in the bone marrow, anemia, hypercalcemia caused by the release of calcium from the deteriorating bone tissue, and an elevated blood urea nitrogen level. An increased white blood cell count may or may not be present and is not related specifically to multiple myeloma.



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