Cancer NCLEX Questions (71-75)

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71. The female client who has been receiving radiation therapy for bladder cancer tells the nurse that it feels as if she is voiding through the vagina. The nurse interprets that the client may be experiencing:
a) rupture of the bladder
b) the development of a vesicovaginal fistula
c) extreme stress caused by the diagnosis of cancer
d) altered personal sensation as the side effect of radiation therapy

72. The client with leukemia is receiving busulfan (Myleran) and allupurinol (Zyloprim) is prescribed for the client. The nurse tells the client that the purpose of the allupurinol is to prevent:

a) nausea
b) alopecia
c) vomiting
d) hyperuricemia



73. The client receiving chemotherapy is experiencing mucositis. The nurse advises the client to use which of the following as the best substance to rinse the mouth?

a) alcohol-based mouthwash
b) hydrogen peroxide mixture
c) lemon-flavored mouthwash
d) weak salt and bicarbonate mouth rinse

74. The community nurse is conducting a health promotion program and the topic of the discussion relates to the risk factors for gastric cancer. Which risk factor, if identified by a client, indicates a need for further discussion?

a) smoking
b) a high-fat diet
c) foods containing nitrates
d) a diet of smoked, highly salted, and spiced food

75. A gastrectomy is performed on a client with gastric cancer. In the immediate postoperative period, the nurse notes bloody drainage from the nasogastric tube. Which of the following is the appropriate nursing intervention?

a) notify the physician
b) measure abdominal girth
c) irrigate the nasogastric tube
d) continue to monitor the drainage





Cancer NCLEX Questions
Answers and Rationale

71) B

- A vesicovaginal fistula is a genital fistula that occurs between the bladder and vagina. The fistula is an abnormal opening between these two body parts and, if this occurs, the client may experience drainage of urine through the vagina. The client’s complaint is not associated with options A, C, and D.

72)  D

- Allopurinol decreases uric acid production and reduces uric acid concentrations in serum and urine. In the client receiving chemotherapy, uric acid levels increase as a result of the massive cell destruction that occurs from the chemotherapy. This medication prevents or treats hyperuricemia caused by chemotherapy. Allopurinol is not used to prevent alopecia, nausea, or vomiting.

73) D

- An acidic environment in the mouth is favorable for bacterial growth, particularly in an area already compromised from chemotherapy. Therefore, the client is advised to rinse the mouth before every meal and at bedtime with a weak salt and sodium bicarbonate mouth rinse. This lessens the growth of bacteria and limits plaque formation. The other substances are irritating to oral tissue. If hydrogen peroxide must be used because of severe plaque, it should be a weak solution because it dries the mucous membranes.

74) B

- A high-fat diet plays a role in the development of cancer of the pancreas. Options A, C, and D are risk factors related to gastric cancer.

75) D

- Following gastrectomy, drainage from the nasogastric tube is normally bloody for 24 hours postoperatively, changes to brown-tinged, and is then to yellow or clear. Because bloody drainage is expected in the immediate postoperative period, the nurse should continue to monitor the drainage. The nurse does not need to notify the physician at this time. Measuring abdominal girth is performed to detect the development of distention. Following gastrectomy, a nasogastric tube should not be irrigated unless there are specific physician orders to do so.




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